WaitingChain

Dardanus

2005-03-18T00:49:00.000-08:00

According to tradition, having slain his brother Iasius, or Iasion, Dardanus fled from Arcadia across the sea to Samothrace. When that island was visited by a flood, he crossed over to

Middleton, T(homas) F(anshaw)

2005-03-17T07:11:00.000-08:00

Middleton served various parishes in England from his ordination as a priest in 1792 to 1812, when he became archdeacon of Huntingdon. Widely recognized as a biblical scholar after publication of his study The Doctrine of the

Egypt, Ancient, The 9th dynasty (c. 21302080 BC)

2005-03-15T15:54:00.000-08:00

After the end of the 8th dynasty the throne passed to kings from Heracleopolis, who made their native city the capital, although Memphis continued to be important. They were acknowledged throughout the country, but inscriptions of nomarchs (chief officials of nomes) in the south show that the kings' rule was nominal. At Dara, north of Asyut, for example, a local ruler called

Shariqah, Ash-

2005-03-14T15:05:00.000-08:00

English Sharjah constituent emirate of the United Arab Emirates (formerly Trucial States, or Trucial Oman). Some of ash-Shariqah's interior boundaries are only presumptive, but its main portion is an irregularly shaped tract, oriented northwest–southeast, stretching about 60 miles (100 km) from the Persian Gulf (northwest) to the central inland region of the Oman promontory (southeast).

Conti, François-louis De Bourbon, Prince De

2005-03-13T09:12:00.000-08:00

Naturally possessed of great ability, he received an excellent education and was distinguished for both the independence of his mind and the popularity of his manners. On this account he was not received with favour by Louis XIV; so in 1683 he assisted the Imperialists in Hungary, and while there he wrote

Alessandro

2005-03-12T14:45:00.000-08:00

Alessandro was an illegitimate child, whose paternity is ascribed either to Lorenzo de' Medici (1492–1519), Duke di Urbino, or, with more likelihood, to Cardinal Giulio, nephew of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Cardinal Giulio received the lordship of Florence in 1519; but, upon being elected pope in 1523 (Clement VII), he made Silvio, Cardinal

Cambium

2005-03-11T18:54:00.000-08:00

Plural Cambiums, or Cambia, in plants, layer of actively dividing cells between xylem (wood) and phloem (bast) tissues that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots (secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in increase in thickness). Theoretically, the cambium is a single layer of cells, called initial cells; practically, it is difficult to distinguish the initials

Hypolydian Mode

2005-03-11T06:53:00.000-08:00

In music, sixth of the eight medieval church modes. See church mode.

Necker, Suzanne

2005-03-10T16:24:00.000-08:00

Née Curchod Swiss wife of the French finance minister under Louis XVI, Jacques Necker; mother of Madame de Staël; and mistress of a brilliant Parisian salon. At first she was engaged to the English historian Edward Gibbon, but his father broke off the match. In 1764 she married Necker, then a banker, and encouraged him in his political career.

Bahuti, Al-

2005-03-08T06:45:00.000-08:00

Little is known about al-Bahuti except that he spent nearly all of his life teaching and practicing Hanbali law. His legal writings, although not original, are noted for their clarity and are still used in Egypt.

Faguet, émile

2005-03-07T11:43:00.000-08:00

Faguet was educated at Poitiers and at the École Normale in Paris. He served as drama critic (1888–1907) for the Journal des Débats, was appointed to a chair at the Sorbonne in 1890, and was elected to the French Academy in 1900. He contributed

Mask

2005-03-06T16:02:00.000-08:00

A form of disguise. It is an object that is frequently worn over or in front of the face to hide the identity of a person and by its own features to establish another being. This essential characteristic of hiding and revealing personalities or moods is common to all masks. As cultural objects they have been used throughout the world in all periods since the Stone Age

Sorus

2005-03-05T23:20:00.000-08:00

Plural Sori, in botany, brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) on the lower surfaces of fern leaves. A sorus may be protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called an indusium. In rust and smut fungi, a sorus is a spore mass produced on the leaf of an infected plant. Reproductive structures called sori also occur in various species

Saba'

2005-03-05T02:56:00.000-08:00

Biblical Sheba kingdom in pre-Islamic southwestern Arabia, frequently mentioned in the Bible (notably in the story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba) and variously cited by ancient Assyrian, Greek, and Roman writers from about the 8th century BC to about the 5th century AD. Its capital, at least in the middle period, was Ma'rib (q.v.), which lies 75 miles (120 km) east of present-day San'a', in Yemen. A second

Jammu And Kashmir, Resources and agriculture

2005-03-03T03:13:00.000-08:00

The state has limited mineral and fossil-fuel resources, and much of these are concentrated in the Jammu region. Small reserves of natural gas are found near Jammu, and bauxite and gypsum deposits occur in the Udhampur district. Other minerals include limestone, coal, zinc, and copper. The pressure of population on land is everywhere apparent, and all available resources

Philepittidae

2005-03-02T23:45:00.000-08:00

Members range in size from 9 to 16.5 centimetres (3.5 to 6.5 inches) long. The two species of asities (Philepitta) are plump, stout-legged pitta-like birds that browse foliage for berries and other fruit. The false sunbirds (Neodrepanis

Thun

2005-02-28T20:03:00.000-08:00

Founded in the 12th century, the town belonged to the kingdom of Burgundy until it passed to

Baburen, Dirck Van

2005-02-28T15:01:00.000-08:00

After studying painting with a portraitist and history painter in Utrecht, Baburen traveled to Rome about 1612. His most important Italian commission was the decoration of a chapel in the

Middle East

2005-02-26T20:12:00.000-08:00

The lands around the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from Morocco to the Arabian Peninsula and Iran and sometimes beyond. The central part of this general area was formerly called the Near East, a name given to it by some of the first modern Western geographers and historians, who tended to divide the Orient into three regions. Near

Böhtlingk, Otto Von

2005-02-25T09:26:00.000-08:00

While completing his education at the University of Bonn (1839–42), Böhtlingk published a two-volume edition (1839–40) of the earliest known grammar, that of

Kilauea

2005-02-25T05:51:00.000-08:00

The world's largest active volcanic mass, located on southeastern Hawaii Island, Hawaii, U.S. The central feature of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kilauea (“Much Spreading”) is an elongated dome built of lava eruptions from a central crater and from lines of craters extending along east and southwest rifts, or fissures. The volcano's 4,090-foot (1,250-metre) summit has collapsed

Black Hand

2005-02-24T02:58:00.000-08:00

Byname of Ujedinjenje Ili Smrt (Serbo-Croatian: Union or Death), secret Serbian society of the early 20th century that used terrorist methods to promote the liberation of Serbs outside Serbia from Habsburg or Ottoman rule and was instrumental in planning the assassination of the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand (1914), precipitating the outbreak of World War I. The society was formed (1911) and led by Col.

Ryukyu Islands

2005-02-22T13:44:00.000-08:00

Also called Nansei Islands , Japanese Ryukyu-Shoto , or Nansei-Shoto , Ryukyuan Okinawa archipelago, extending almost 400 miles (650 km) southwest from Kyushu, southern Japan, to the northern tip of Taiwan bordering the Philippine Sea (east) and the East China Sea (west). Since 1972 the islands have comprised Okinawa ken (prefecture), Japan. With a total land area of 870 square miles (2,254 square km), they consist of 55 islands and islets divided into three major groups: the Amami island

Biblical Literature, Nature and significance

2005-02-21T01:05:00.000-08:00

Biblical exegesis is the actual interpretation of the sacred book, the bringing out of its meaning; hermeneutics is the study and establishment of the principles by which it is to be interpreted. Where the biblical writings are interpreted on a historical perspective, just as with philological and other ancient documents, there is little call for a special discipline

Mu'allaqat, Al-

2005-02-20T23:04:00.000-08:00

Taken together, the poems of the Mu'allaqat provide an excellent picture

Fürth

2005-02-19T03:47:00.000-08:00

City, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany, situated at the junction of the Pegnitz and Rednitz rivers (which there form the Regnitz), just northwest of Nürnberg. It was originally a Franconian settlement dating from the mid-8th century. The royal palace of Furti (the “Furt”) was first mentioned in 1007, when the village was assigned to the newly formed bishopric of Bamberg.

Montcalm (de Saint-véran), Louis-joseph De Montcalm-grozon, Marquis De

2005-02-18T16:30:00.000-08:00

In the War

Itabuna

2005-02-18T01:35:00.000-08:00

City, southeastern Bahia estado (“state”), northeastern Brazil. It lies just west of Ilhéus on the Cachoeira River at 174 feet (53 m) above sea level. Itabuna, which was elevated to city status in 1910, is the trade centre for a rich zone yielding cacao, livestock, and other agricultural products. It was used as a setting by Jorge Amado in his novels dealing with the cacao culture. A chemical

Phibunsongkhram, Luang

2005-02-17T22:28:00.000-08:00

He was educated at the royal military academy, and in 1914 he entered the Siamese artillery corps. In 1924–27 he took advanced military training in France, where he became involved with Thai students who

Ujjain

2005-02-15T02:28:00.000-08:00

Lying on the first meridian of the ancient Hindu geographers, it was the capital (as Ujjayini) of the Aryan Avanti kingdom (6th–4th century BC). In the 2nd century BC, Ujjain was the seat of the emperor A

Elixir

2005-02-15T00:13:00.000-08:00

In alchemy, substance thought to be capable of changing base metals into gold. The same term, more fully elixir vitae, “elixir of life,” was given to the substance that would indefinitely prolong life—a liquid that was believed to be allied with the philosopher's stone. Chinese Taoists not only sought the “pill of immortality” but developed techniques (meditation, breathing

Europa

2005-02-12T17:48:00.000-08:00

Also called Jupiter II, fourth largest satellite of the planet Jupiter. One of the four Galilean satellites, it was discovered by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei in 1610 and was named by the German astronomer Simon Marius after a figure in Greek mythology. Europa has a diameter of 3,138 km (1,946 miles), and it orbits Jupiter at a distance of approximately 670,900 km (416,900 miles). The satellite has a density of 3.03 grams

Hypersensitivity

2005-02-10T09:11:00.000-08:00

Acquired bodily state in which the reaction to a stimulus (e.g., a substance causing allergy or a physical agent such as light) is unusually prompt or excessive. The term hypersensitivity is often used as a synonym for allergy.

African Greek Orthodox Church

2005-02-09T19:32:00.000-08:00

A religious movement in East Africa that represents a prolonged search for a Christianity more African and, its adherents say, more authentic than the denominational mission forms transplanted from overseas. It began when an Anglican in Uganda, Reuben Spartas, heard of the independent, all-black African Orthodox Church in the United States and founded his own

Skåne Question

2005-02-09T05:49:00.000-08:00

Although contiguous with the Swedish polity, Skåne belonged to Denmark when the Middle Ages began

United States V. E.c. Knight Company

2005-02-08T07:55:00.000-08:00

President Grover Cleveland ordered the government to

Ear, Human, Disturbances of the vestibular system

2005-02-07T17:26:00.000-08:00

The relation between the vestibular apparatus of the two ears is reciprocal. When the head is turned to the left, the discharge from the left horizontal canal is decreased, and vice versa. Normal posture is the result of their acting in cooperation and in opposition. When the vestibular system of one ear is damaged, the unrestrained activity of the other causes a continuous

Alabama, Settlement patterns

2005-02-05T19:40:00.000-08:00

By 1980 less than two-fifths of the population of Alabama was classified as rural, and the proportion was declining still further as rural residents sought homes in the state's cities. Eight counties had a population loss during the 1970s. Much of the loss was from the old cotton region of the Black Belt, which had been largely depopulated by the 1980s. By the 1970s, however, the state had

Adynaton

2005-02-04T02:15:00.000-08:00

A kind of hyperbole in which the exaggeration is so great that it refers to an impossibility, as in the following lines from Andrew Marvell's “To His Coy Mistress”:Had we but world enough, and timeThis coyness, lady, were no crime.We would sit down, and think which way To walk, and pass our long love's day.Thou by the Indian Ganges' sideShouldst rubies find; I by the tideOf Humber

Astronomy

2005-02-03T20:00:00.000-08:00

Without doubt the most exciting event in astronomy was the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter, but studies of other small bodies in the solar system provided their own delights and surprises. Although the solar system is traditionally viewed as comprising the Sun, nine planets, their moons, and the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, the discovery in

Haley, Sir William

2005-02-03T04:42:00.000-08:00

Haley grew up on the island of Jersey and attended Victoria College there. In 1918 he began to study journalism, and in 1921 he secured his first newspaper employment

Novel, Picaresque

2005-02-01T18:32:00.000-08:00

In Spain, the novel about the rogue or pícaro was a recognized form, and such English novels as Defoe's The Fortunate Mistress (1724) can be regarded as picaresque in the etymological sense. But the term has come to connote as much the episodic nature of the original species as the dynamic of roguery. Fielding's Tom Jones, whose hero is a bastard, amoral, and very nearly gallows-meat,

Robert Ii

2005-02-01T02:53:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of William I the Conqueror, Robert was recognized in boyhood as his father's successor in Normandy. Nevertheless he twice rebelled against his father (1077/78 and c. 1082–83) and

Chibougamau

2005-01-31T10:06:00.000-08:00

City, Nord-du-Québec region, central Quebec province, Canada. It lies on the northwest shore of the Lac Doré part of Chibougamau Lake. Gold and copper were discovered in the area by Peter McKenzie in 1903, but his and several subsequent attempts at mining the ore failed because of the region's remoteness. Finally, in the late 1940s, the provincial government began building a road

Earth, Folding

2005-01-29T11:37:00.000-08:00

Folds along subduction zones

Obodrite

2005-01-28T11:54:00.000-08:00

Member of a people of the Polab group, the northwesternmost of the Slavs in medieval Europe. The Obodrites (sometimes called the Bodryci, from bodry, “brave”) inhabited the lowland country between the lower Elbe River and the Baltic Sea, the area north and northeast of Hamburg in what is now Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), Germany. The Obodrites' independent principality,

Bérenger, Alphonse-marie

2005-01-27T17:52:00.000-08:00

Appointed judge in Grenoble in 1808, Bérenger had a successful career in the magistracy during Napoleon's First Empire and served as a representative for Drôme département during Napoleon's

Framed Building

2005-01-26T08:02:00.000-08:00

Structure in which weight is carried by a skeleton or framework, as opposed to being supported by walls. The essential factor in a framed building is the frame's strength. Timber-framed or half-timbered houses were common in medieval Europe. In this type the frame is filled in with wattle and daub or brick. A modern lightweight wood-frame structure, the balloon-frame

Italic

2005-01-24T14:39:00.000-08:00

In printing, a sloping, light-bodied, compact, and almost cursive letter form, which, with roman and black letter shapes, has been one of the three major typefaces in the history of Western printing. Used today almost exclusively as a special function adjunct of roman letters, italic types were used first as body texts in small volumes in which their space-saving, humanistic

Molfetta

2005-01-24T14:30:00.000-08:00

Town and episcopal see, Bari provincia, Puglia (Apulia) regione, southeastern Italy. It lies along the Adriatic Sea, northwest of Bari city. An important port in the Middle Ages and a free city for a time, it was sacked by the French in 1529. Although Molfetta is mainly modern, its outstanding Romanesque–Apulian-style Duomo Vecchio (“Old Cathedral”), a national monument, dates from

Tiergarten

2005-01-22T21:45:00.000-08:00

District of Berlin, Germany, on the Spree River. Before World War II the district was Berlin's diplomatic quarter and the site of the War Ministry. It includes the famous 630-acre (255-hectare) Tiergarten Park, a deer preserve until the 18th century. The park was destroyed in World War II, but it has been replanted; its new “English garden” was donated by the British. The zoological gardens

China, The Hsi (Western) Chin (AD 265316/317)

2005-01-22T06:01:00.000-08:00

This was a period of relative order and prosperity, a short interlude between the turbulent age of the San-kuo and the devastating barbarian invasions. The empire had been nominally reunited (AD 280), and for a short time the central government attempted important fiscal and political reforms, mainly intended to curb the great families, which threatened the ruler's authority.

Sachsenhausen

2005-01-21T22:06:00.000-08:00

Sachsenhausen's first great influx of prisoners began after Kristallnacht in November

Scandinavian Literature, The Age of Wergeland

2005-01-19T13:19:00.000-08:00

After 1814 a new, exciting, and difficult age began for Norway: an opportunity seemed to be offered to develop an independent Norwegian culture and way of life, but there were deep differences of opinion as to how this could best be achieved. A poet and critic, Johan Sebastien Welhaven was chief representative of those who insisted that the existing Danish element in the

Fibrosarcoma

2005-01-18T23:18:00.000-08:00

An uncommon malignant tumour of fibrous tissue found in young adults and most often occurring in the thighbone, upper arm bone, or jaw. The mass is felt before pain occurs. This tumour invades surrounding tissues, which makes complete surgical excision difficult. It often recurs and may metastasize.

Nepal, Flag Of

2005-01-18T15:31:00.000-08:00

Hundreds of independent states existed on the Indian subcontinent prior to the period of British control there in the 17th–19th centuries. Many of these countries, including Nepal, had state flags of their own, their symbols usually representing the ruling dynasty. Frequently, the flag designs, shapes, and colours were (by European standards) unusual. Most of those flags

Linus

2005-01-17T06:27:00.000-08:00

According to the Argive story, Linus, child of Apollo (god of light, truth, and prophecy) and Psamathe (daughter of Crotopus, king of Argos),

Kahlo, Frida

2005-01-16T15:09:00.000-08:00

In 1925 Kahlo was involved in a bus accident that so seriously injured her that she had to

Hyperparathyroidism

2005-01-14T16:53:00.000-08:00

Abnormal increase in the secretion of parathyroid hormone by one or more parathyroid glands (see parathyroid gland). The oversecretion is usually caused by a tumour or enlargement of parathyroid tissue and results in elevated blood and urine calcium, elevated urine phosphorus, and low-to-normal blood phosphorus. The excess calcium is withdrawn from the bones,

Joint

2005-01-13T06:17:00.000-08:00

The nerve and blood supply of synovial joints follows the general rule for the body: Ubi nervus ibi arteria—“Where there is a nerve there also is an artery.” Hence the nerve supply will be described first.

La Paz

2005-01-13T04:38:00.000-08:00

Town, southwestern Honduras, at an elevation of 2,461 feet (750 m) above sea level in the Comayagua River valley, on the eastern flanks of the Cordillera de Montecillos. It was founded in 1792 and has been called La Paz since 1861. The city serves as a commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands, which yield primarily henequen, coffee, and cattle. The town has a sawmill,

Skat

2005-01-11T16:56:00.000-08:00

Skat is for three players. A pack of 32 cards, omitting the 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, and 6s, is used. Each player receives 10 cards; the remaining 2 are

General Association Of Regular Baptist Churches

2005-01-10T20:37:00.000-08:00

Association of independent, conservative Baptist churches in the United States, organized in 1932 after 22 Baptist churches withdrew from the Northern (later American) Baptist Convention. These churches withdrew because they felt that the Northern Baptists were accepting the teachings of the modernists, or liberals, who accepted biblical criticism and attempted

Mafic Rock

2005-01-09T16:46:00.000-08:00

In geology, igneous rock that is dominated by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica. These minerals are high in magnesium and ferric oxides, and their presence gives mafic rock its characteristic dark colour. Mafic rock is commonly contrasted with felsic rock, in which light-coloured minerals predominate. Common mafic rocks include basalt and its

Ishida Mitsunari

2005-01-08T18:21:00.000-08:00

Distinguished in the service of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the warrior who reunified Japan after more than a century of civil war, Ishida was appointed head of a small fief and soon became one of the most prominent

Junker, Wilhelm

2005-01-08T07:23:00.000-08:00

After journeys to Iceland (1869) and Tunis (1873–74), Junker went to Egypt and the Sudan (1875), where from 1876 to 1878 he explored the lower Sobat River and the western tributaries

Computers, Control programs

2005-01-06T20:28:00.000-08:00

An operating

Alexander I

2005-01-06T04:28:00.000-08:00

The son of Prince Alexander of Hesse (previously created prince of Battenberg upon his morganatic marriage) and a favourite nephew of Alexander II of Russia, Alexander served during 1877 with the Russian forces in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), which resulted in the autonomy of Bulgaria.

San Lucas, Cape

2005-01-05T10:25:00.000-08:00

Spanish Cabo San Lucas, extreme southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The rocky headland forms the southern extremity of the Sierra de San Lazaro and includes the western shore of San Lucas Bay. The isolated town of San Lucas lies 2 miles (3 km) north of the cape.

Coleman, Bessie

2005-01-03T09:15:00.000-08:00

One of 13 children, Coleman grew up in Waxahatchie, Texas, where her mathematical aptitude freed her from working in the cotton fields. She attended college in Langston, Oklahoma, briefly, then moved to Chicago, where she worked as a manicurist and restaurant

Zizka, Jan, Count

2005-01-02T11:28:00.000-08:00

Zizka grew up at the court of the German king Wenceslas (King Wenceslas

Performing Arts, North America.

2005-01-02T10:11:00.000-08:00

Despite the vicissitudes of living in an awakened world following the 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., most plans in place for dance went forward in 2002. Though American Ballet Theatre (ABT) was forced for budgetary reasons to cancel plans for an all-Stravinsky program—featuring Firebird, a work created by James Kudelka for his National Ballet of Canada (NBC)—ABT managed to

Mormon

2004-12-31T14:19:00.000-08:00

The Mormons eliminate most distinctions between the priesthood and laity. At the age of 12, all worthy males become deacons in the Aaronic priesthood; they become teachers when 14 years old and priests at the age of 16. About two years later they may enter the Melchizedek priesthood as elders and may be called upon for 18 months of missionary work. A Mormon man may afterward become

Tuamotu Archipelago

2004-12-31T02:14:00.000-08:00

French Îles Tuamotu, also called Paumotu, island group of French Polynesia, central South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago comprises 75 atolls, one raised coral atoll (Makatea), and innumerable coral reefs, roughly dispersed northwest-southeast as a double chain for over 900 miles (1,450 km). The islands, save for Makatea, are entirely flat with little freshwater. The largest atoll of the group is Rangiroa, which consists

Audiberti, Jacques

2004-12-30T08:32:00.000-08:00

A former clerk for the justice of the peace in Antibes, Audiberti began his writing career as a journalist, moving to Paris in 1925 to write for Le Journal and Le Petit Parisien. Later, he wrote more than 20 plays

Mcmillan, Edwin Mattison

2004-12-28T07:31:00.000-08:00

McMillan was educated at the California Institute of Technology and at Princeton University, where he

Trade Union

2004-12-27T16:18:00.000-08:00

The

Arendt, Hannah

2004-12-27T11:32:00.000-08:00

Arendt grew up in her native Hannover, Germany, and in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). She attended the universities of Marburg, Freiburg, and Heidelberg (from which she received

Extremadura

2004-12-25T09:23:00.000-08:00

During the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the name Extremadura was used during static periods to refer to the zones outside of Moorish territory; it

Moree

2004-12-25T08:14:00.000-08:00

Town, northern New South Wales, Australia, on the Gwydir River, in the Western Slopes district. Originating in 1848 as a livestock station, it became a village in 1852, a town in 1862, and a municipality in 1890. Its name comes from an Aboriginal word for “rising sun,” “long spring,” or “water hole.” At the junction of the Gwydir and Newell highways, with regular air and rail service to Sydney (319 mi [513 km] southeast),

France, Banque De

2004-12-24T07:05:00.000-08:00

The bank listed among its founding shareholders Napoleon Bonaparte, members of his family, and several leading personalities of the time. Founded partly with state funds, but mainly with private

Lamarck, Jean-baptiste De Monet, Chevalier (knight) De

2004-12-22T10:58:00.000-08:00

In full Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck pioneer French biologist who is best known for his idea that acquired traits are inheritable, an idea known as Lamarckism, which is controverted by Darwinian theory.

China 1

2004-12-21T04:03:00.000-08:00

Also called Chicom 1 , or PRC 1 first Earth satellite orbited by the People's Republic of China. It was launched on April 24, 1970, from the rocket facility at Shuang Cheng Tsu, and it made China the fifth nation to place a satellite into Earth orbit. Little is known about China 1. It weighed approximately 173 kg (381 pounds) and carried a radio transmitter that broadcast a patriotic anthem.

Madison River

2004-12-20T11:47:00.000-08:00

River in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming, U.S. The Madison River rises in the northwestern corner of Yellowstone National Park at the junction of the Gibbon and Firehole rivers. It flows west through Hebgen Lake (impounded by a dam) into southwestern Montana, then turns north between the Madison Range (to the east) and the Gravelly Range and the Tobacco

1830, Revolutions Of

2004-12-19T14:04:00.000-08:00

The movement started in France, prompted by Charles X's publication on July 26 of four ordinances dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, suspending freedom of the press, modifying the electoral laws so that three-fourths of the electorate lost their

Nadel, S(iegfried) F(rederick)

2004-12-19T07:37:00.000-08:00

Before turning to anthropology Nadel pursued musical interests. He wrote a biography of the Italian composer Ferruccio Benvenuto Busoni and a work on musical typology, and he toured with his own opera

Nadel, S(iegfried) F(rederick)

2004-12-18T14:45:00.000-08:00

In 1949 the JCP won 35 seats in the House of Representatives and nearly 10 percent of the vote, but external and internal

Biblical Literature, Job

2004-12-16T08:31:00.000-08:00

The Book of Job is not only the finest expression of the Hebrew poetic genius; it must also be accorded a place among the greatest masterpieces of world literature. The work is grouped with Proverbs and Ecclesiastes as a product of the wisdom movement, even though it contains what might be called an anti-wisdom strain in that the hero protests vehemently against the

Arequipa

2004-12-15T07:54:00.000-08:00

Departamento (formed 1822) and región, southern Peru, bounded to the southwest by the Pacific Ocean. Its arid coastal and montane landscapes are cut intermittently by streams flowing from glaciers in the Andes Mountains. Irrigated coastal crops include cotton, rice, sugarcane, and olives. Corn (maize), potatoes, leeks, hot peppers (rocotos), and asparagus are cultivated in

Paleography, Abbreviations

2004-12-14T21:21:00.000-08:00

Abbreviations are the principal problem confronting paleographers. They were extensively used in Roman times by lawyers to avoid repetition of technical terms and formulas. Abbreviations fall into two classes, suspension and contraction. Suspension, omission of the end of a word and indication by a point or sign, was used in Roman public inscriptions—e.g., IMP.(ERATOR),

Anti-atlas

2004-12-13T18:17:00.000-08:00

Also called Lesser Atlas, mountain range in Morocco running parallel to and southward of the central range of the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. Although it has a mean elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 m), some peaks and passes exceed 6,000 feet (1,800 m). This rugged, arid region, which encloses the Sous lowland and reaches the Atlantic coast at Sidi Ifni, is linked to the Haut (High) Atlas by Mount Siroua, a volcanic peak rising

Ringkøbing

2004-12-13T08:03:00.000-08:00

Amt (county), Denmark, covering a rectangular area (1,874 square miles [4,853 square km]) that is bounded by the smooth dune and lagoon coast of western Jutland between Nissum Bay in the north and Ringkøbing Fjord in the south, and extending about 40 miles (65 km) inland. The soil is mainly sandy and poor with tracts of unreclaimed heath but supports mixed agriculture. The principal cities,

Albania, Flag Of

2004-12-10T02:33:00.000-08:00

On November 28, 1443, the national hero of Albania, a prince known as Skanderbeg (George Kastrioti), raised his flag over the fortress of Krujë in defiance of the Turks who ruled the country. His small mountainous nation was able to resist the forces of the Ottoman Empire, although after Skanderbeg's death in 1468 independence was lost again. His flag was red and bore a black eagle, even

Permafrost, Permafrost thawing and frost heaving

2004-12-09T10:52:00.000-08:00

Because thawing of permafrost and frost action are involved in almost all engineering problems in polar areas, it is advisable to consider these phenomena generally. The delicate thermal equilibrium of permafrost is disrupted when the vegetation, snow cover, or active layer is compacted. The permafrost table is lowered, the active layer is thickened, and considerable

Abbott, Berenice

2004-12-09T04:43:00.000-08:00

Hank O'Neal, Berenice Abbott: American Photographer (1982); Bonnie Yochelson, Berenice Abbott: Changing New York (1997).

Joint

2004-12-07T22:26:00.000-08:00

Computers, Application software

2004-12-07T04:41:00.000-08:00

The availability of BASIC and CP/M enabled more widespread software development. By 1977, a two-person firm called Structured Systems Group started developing a General Ledger program, perhaps the first serious business software, which sold for $995. The company shipped its software in zip-lock bags with a manual, a practice that became common in the industry. General Ledger

Ford, Ford Madox

2004-12-06T21:31:00.000-08:00

The son of a German music critic, Francis Hueffer, and a grandson of Ford Madox Brown, one of the Pre-Raphaelite painters, Ford grew up in a cultured, artistic environment. At 18 he wrote his first novel, The Shifting of Fire (1892). His acquaintance

Tz'u-hsi

2004-12-04T03:00:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Cixi, also called (Wade–Giles romanization) Hsiao-ch'in, or Hsien Huang-hou, byname Empress Dowager consort of the Hsien-feng emperor (reigned 1850–61), mother of the T'ung-chih emperor (reigned 1861–75), and adoptive mother of the Kuang-hsü emperor (reigned 1875–1908), who dominated the Chinese empire for almost half a century. Ruling through a clique of conservative, corrupt officials, she maintained an iron grip over the Manchu Imperial house (Ch'ing dynasty, 1644–1911/12), becoming one

Earth, Earth dimensionsdiameter, mass, density

2004-12-03T14:41:00.000-08:00

As previously noted, terrestrial arc measurements are capable of yielding a value of the equatorial radius of the Earth, but satellite measurements are greatly superior for determining the flattening. After 10 years of satellite observations the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics adopted the Geodetic Reference System 1967, defining aequatorial, MG, and J2, o. Minor

WaitingChain

Dardanus

Middleton, T(homas) F(anshaw)

Egypt, Ancient, The 9th dynasty (c. 21302080 BC)

Shariqah, Ash-

Conti, François-louis De Bourbon, Prince De

Alessandro

Cambium

Hypolydian Mode

Necker, Suzanne

Bahuti, Al-

Faguet, émile

Mask

Sorus

Saba'

Jammu And Kashmir, Resources and agriculture

Philepittidae

Thun

Baburen, Dirck Van

Middle East

Böhtlingk, Otto Von

Kilauea

Black Hand

Ryukyu Islands

Biblical Literature, Nature and significance

Mu'allaqat, Al-

Fürth

Montcalm (de Saint-véran), Louis-joseph De Montcalm-grozon, Marquis De

Itabuna

Phibunsongkhram, Luang

Ujjain

Elixir

Europa

Hypersensitivity

African Greek Orthodox Church

Skåne Question

United States V. E.c. Knight Company

Ear, Human, Disturbances of the vestibular system

Alabama, Settlement patterns

Adynaton

Astronomy

Haley, Sir William

Novel, Picaresque

Robert Ii

Chibougamau

Earth, Folding

Obodrite

Bérenger, Alphonse-marie

Framed Building

Italic

Molfetta

Tiergarten

China, The Hsi (Western) Chin (AD 265316/317)

Sachsenhausen

Scandinavian Literature, The Age of Wergeland

Fibrosarcoma

Nepal, Flag Of

Linus

Kahlo, Frida

Hyperparathyroidism

Joint

La Paz

Skat

General Association Of Regular Baptist Churches

Mafic Rock

Ishida Mitsunari

Junker, Wilhelm

Computers, Control programs

Alexander I

San Lucas, Cape

Coleman, Bessie

Zizka, Jan, Count

Performing Arts, North America.

Mormon

Tuamotu Archipelago

Audiberti, Jacques

Mcmillan, Edwin Mattison

Trade Union

Arendt, Hannah

Extremadura

Egypt, Ancient, The 9th dynasty (c. 21302080 BC)

China, The Hsi (Western) Chin (AD 265316/317)

Earth, Earth dimensionsdiameter, mass, density